Mouse Secondary Antibodies
Biotium Cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2)(COX2/3232R), 1mg/mL
Prostaglandins are a diverse group of autocrine and paracrine hormones that mediate many cellular and physiologic processes. Prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) is an intermediate molecule in formation of the prostaglandins. Cyclooxygenase-1 (Cox-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) are prostaglandin synthases that catalyze the formation of PGH2 from arachidonic acid (AA). Cox-1 and Cox-2 are isozymes of prostaglandin-endoperoxidase synthase (PTGS). Cox-1 is constitutively expressed in most tissues and is thought to serve in general housekeeping functions. Cox-2 is efficiently induced in migratory cells responding to pro-inflammatory stimuli and is considered to be an important mediator of inflammation. Both enzymes are targets for the nonsteroidal therapeutic anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs. COX2 expression is significantly increased in 85-90% of human colorectal adenocarcinomas whereas levels of COX-1 are not changed. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluores
Biotium Cytochrome P450 1A1/1A2(MC1), 0.2mg/mL
Cytochrome P450 oxidase (commonly abbreviated CYP) is a generic term for a large number of related, but distinct, oxidative enzymes important in vertebrate physiology. The cytochrome P450 mixed-function monooxygenase system is probably the most important element of Phase I metabolism in mammals. P450s are membrane-bound, either in the inner membrane of mitochondria or in the endoplasmic reticulum of cells where they metabolise thousands of endogenous and exogenous compounds. In the liver, these substrates include toxins, drugs, and other unneeded and potentially harmful molecules. Humans have 18 families of cytochrome P450 genes and 43 subfamilies; the CYP1 family is involved in drug metabolism and includes 3 subfamilies, 3 genes and 1 pseudogene.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405
Biotium GP2 (Glycoprotein 2) / ZAP75(GP2/3134R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
GP2 (glycoprotein 2), also known as ZAP75, is a 537 amino acid secreted protein. It is an integral membrane protein that is secreted from intracellular zymogen granules and associates with the plasma membrane via glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage. GP2 is cleaved and then released into the pancreatic duct along with exocrine secretions. GP2 binds pathogens such as enterobacteria, thereby playing an important role in the innate immune response. The C-terminus of this protein is related to the C-terminus of the protein encoded by the neighboring gene, uromodulin (UMOD). GP2 is also expressed on the apical plasma membrane of specialized microfold (M) cells among enterocytes and serves as a transcytotic receptor for mucosal antigens. M cells are considered a promising target for oral vaccination against various infectious diseases. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness
Biotium Alpha Actinin 4 / ACTN4(93), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Alpha actinins belong to the spectrin gene superfamily which represents a diverse group of cytoskeletal proteins, including the alpha and beta spectrins and dystrophins. There are four tissue-specific -actinins, namely -actinin-1, -actinin-2, -actinin-3 and -actinin-4, which are localized to muscle and non-muscle cells, including skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle cells, as well as within the cytoskeleton. Alpha actinin is an actin-binding protein with multiple roles in different cell types. In nonmuscle cells, the cytoskeletal isoform is found along microfilament bundles and adherens-type junctions, where it is involved in binding actin to the membrane. In contrast, skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle isoforms are localized to the Z-disc and analogous dense bodies, where they help anchor the myofibrillar actin filaments. This gene encodes a nonmuscle, alpha actinin isoform which is concentrated in the cytoplasm, and thought to be involved in metastatic processes. Each -act
Biotium Cytokeratin 15 (Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Marker)(KRT15/2958), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Keratin 15 is a type I keratin which is expressed only in basal keratinocytes in stratified epithelia and does not appear to have a natural type II expression partner. Keratin 15 is down regulated in activated keratinocytes. Cytokeratin 15 is a specific marker of stem cells of the hair-follicle bulge and may be a useful marker for diagnosis between basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and trichoepithelioma. Trichoblastoma are benign neoplasms of follicular differentiation frequently found in nevus sebaceous. Many morphologic features are shared with nodular basal cell carcinoma, sometimes rendering a diagnosis difficult. Trichoblastoma and BCC show variable expression of Cytokeratin 15 and Cytokeratin 19, and absence of hair keratins. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for
Biotium CD74 (B-Cell Marker)(CLIP/3127R), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of ~35 kDa, identified as CD74 (Workshop IV). CD74 is a type II transmembrane protein which binds to the peptide binding groove of newly synthesized MHC class II alpha/beta heterodimers and prevents their premature association with endogenous polypeptides. CD74 is expressed primarily by antigen presenting cells, such as B-lymphocytes (from before the pre-B cell stage to before the plasma cell stage), macrophages, and monocytes, and many epithelial cells. Anti-CD74 stains predominantly germinal center lymphocytes and B-cell lymphomas, but rarely T-cell lymphomas. Anti-CD74 has been shown to be useful in differentiating atypical fibroxanthoma (-) from malignant fibrous histiocytoma ( ). Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abunda
Biotium S100A4 / Metastasin / Calvasculin (Marker of Tumor Metastasis)(rS100A4/1481), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
S100A4 belongs to the S100 super-family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding domains. S100 genes include at least 25 members, including S100A1-S100A18, trichohyalin, filaggrin, repetin, S100P, and S100Z. S100A4 exerts its function via direct interaction with a number of proteins including P53, P63, non-muscle myosin IIA, 64 integrin, and liprin b1. S100A4 is overexpressed in highly metastatic cancers, which makes it useful as a marker of tumor progression. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Nucleophosmin (Acute Myeloid Leukemia Marker)(NPM1/3286), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a 33 kDa glycoprotein, identified as Nucleophosmin (NPM). It is predominantly localized in the nucleus of cells in most tissues. NPM is involved in ribosomal assembly and rRNA transport. It is an abundant protein that is highly phosphorylated by Cdc2 kinase during mitosis. This phosphoprotein moves between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. It is thought to be involved in several processes including regulation of the ARF/p53 pathway. A number of genes are fusion partners, in particular the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene on chromosome 2. Mutations in exon 12 affecting the C-terminus of the protein are associated with an aberrant cytoplasmic location. Mutations in this gene are associated with acute myeloid leukemia. The antibody may be a useful aid for classification of acute myeloid leukemia. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugat
Biotium Cytokeratin 15 (Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Marker)(KRT15/2957), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Keratin 15 is a type I keratin which is expressed only in basal keratinocytes in stratified epithelia and does not appear to have a natural type II expression partner. Keratin 15 is down regulated in activated keratinocytes. Cytokeratin 15 is a specific marker of stem cells of the hair-follicle bulge and may be a useful marker for diagnosis between basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and trichoepithelioma. Trichoblastoma are benign neoplasms of follicular differentiation frequently found in nevus sebaceous. Many morphologic features are shared with nodular basal cell carcinoma, sometimes rendering a diagnosis difficult. Trichoblastoma and BCC show variable expression of Cytokeratin 15 and Cytokeratin 19, and absence of hair keratins. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for
Biotium BRCA1 (Breast Marker)(BRCA1/2985), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
BRCA1 is a nuclear phosphoprotein that plays a role in maintaining genomic stability, and it also acts as a tumor suppressor. It combines with other tumor suppressors, DNA damage sensors, and signal transducers to form a large multi-subunit protein complex known as the BRCA1-associated genome surveillance complex (BASC). BRCA1 associates with RNA polymerase II, and through the C-terminal domain, also interacts with histone deacetylase complexes. This protein thus plays a role in transcription, DNA repair of double-stranded breaks, and recombination. Mutations in this gene are responsible for approximately 40% of inherited breast cancers and more than 80% of inherited breast and ovarian cancers. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance target
Biotium Prohibitin (Mitochondrial Marker)(PHB/3230), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 30 kDa which is identified as Prohibitin, an evolutionarily conserved protein with homologues found in yeast to man. It is located in the inner membrane of mitochondria. Although prohibitin mRNA and protein expression occurs throughout the cell cycle, maximum levels are detected during the G1/S phase transition and minimum levels are seen in S phase and the G2/mitosis boundary. Prohibitin is located exclusively in the mitochondria with the highest concentration on the inner membrane. Prohibitin is an ideal mitochondrial marker. It shows antiproliferative activity and has been proposed to play a role in normal cell cycle regulation, replicative senescence, cellular immortalization, and tumor suppression. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended fo
Biotium Prohibitin (Mitochondrial Marker)(PHB/3228), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 30 kDa which is identified as Prohibitin, an evolutionarily conserved protein with homologues found in yeast to man. It is located in the inner membrane of mitochondria. Although prohibitin mRNA and protein expression occurs throughout the cell cycle, maximum levels are detected during the G1/S phase transition and minimum levels are seen in S phase and the G2/mitosis boundary. Prohibitin is located exclusively in the mitochondria with the highest concentration on the inner membrane. Prohibitin is an ideal mitochondrial marker. It shows antiproliferative activity and has been proposed to play a role in normal cell cycle regulation, replicative senescence, cellular immortalization, and tumor suppression. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended fo
Biotium Calretinin / Calbindin 2 (Mesothelioma Marker)(CALB2/2685), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Calretinin (also known as Calbindin 2) is a member of the troponin C superfamily. Proteins in this family have 6 EF-hand domains which bind to calcium. Calretinin is a vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein involved in calcium signaling. It is present in subsets of neurons throughout the brain and spinal chord, including sensory ganglia. Antibodies to calretinin are useful in differentiating mesothelioma from adenocarcinomas of the lung. They can also aid in differentiating adrenal cortical neoplasms from pheochromocytomas. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium MCM6 (Proliferation Marker)(MCM6/2999), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) family of proteins, including MCM2, MCM3, MCM6 (Cdc21), MCM5 (Cdc46), MCM6 (Mis5) and MCM7 (Cdc47), are regulators of DNA replication that act to ensure replication occurs only once in the cell cycle. Expression of MCM proteins increases during cell growth, peaking at G1/S phase. The MCM proteins each contain an ATP-binding motif, which is predicted to mediate ATP-dependent opening of double-stranded DNA. MCM proteins are regulated by E2F transcription factors, which induce MCM expression, and by protein kinases, which interact with MCM proteins to maintain the post-replicative state of the cell. MCM2/MCM6 complexes function as substrates for Cdc2/cyclin B in vitro. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundanc
Biotium Spectrin beta III (SPTBN2)(SPTBN2/2887R), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Spectrin is an actin binding protein that is a major component of the plasma membrane skeleton. Spectrins function as membrane organizers and stabilizers by forming dimers, tetramers and higher polymers. Vertebrate spectrins have two alpha-subunits (alpha-I/alpha-II) four beta-subunits (beta-I-beta-IV) and a beta-H subunit creating diversity and specialization of function. Spectrin III is highly expressed in brain, kidney, pancreas and liver, and at lower levels in lung and placenta. Spectrin beta 3 is primarily expressed in nervous tissues with highest expression levels in the cerebellum, where it is found in Purkinje cell soma and dendrites. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can